Many new or remanufactured cylinder heads are available in the market from dealers as well as auto parts stores for almost all types of engines. Since for the assembly and inspection, specialized tools are required which are not easily available and as the replacement parts may not be available in the market it may prove cheaper for the home mechanic to prefer purchasing new heads over the removal, inspection and refurbishing of the old heads. However, most machine shops may not have stock heads unless the car model has been available for nearly five years and therefore for relatively newer cars there may be some wait to get the rebuilding work done. Disassembly consists in the release of the intake and exhaust valves, as well as other related parts. Rocker arm nuts, pivot balls, and rocker arms should be detached from the cylinder head studs and should at least, be distinguished whether they should be used on the intake or exhaust side to facilitate reassembly. The springs on the first valve need to be unscrewed using a spring compressor, in order to get the keepers off the valve; in turn, the retainer, sleeve, spring and spring seat should be carefully lifted off. The cartridge screw can then be unscrewed and the valve withdrawn from the head and the oil seal withdrawn from the guide. However if the valve binds it may be now and then as a result of the keeper travel necessary to deburr the adjacent keeper groove. This should be done for the rest of the valves and all the parts for one valve should be kept in one pack. It is recommended to remove all the valves and place them and other components in order, together with the head, the head must be washed and all the parts of an engine, which are universal, should be removed before beginning with washing and examining.